Context: The year 1707 marked the death of Aurangzeb, the last powerful Mughal emperor, after whose reign the empire suffered from succession wars and massive territorial losses to the Maratha Empire. This power vacuum allowed regional governors to break away, turning the once-mighty Mughals into politically weak rulers confined largely to Delhi. Consequently, the empire became increasingly dependent on the British East India Company, eventually transitioning from a sovereign superpower to a British protectorate.